Ground - based meteorological observation is essential for understanding the relationship between alp ine glacier and climate change, especially in remote regionswhere in - situmeasurements are extremely limited. Themeteorological factors, including air temperature, wind speed and direction, atmospheric water content, were measured over the accumulation area on the East Rongbuk Glacier, Mt. Qomolangma ( theMt. Everest) at elevation of 6 560 m. Measurements were conducted using an automatic weather station (AWS) fromMay 1 to July 22, 2005 ( sp ring - summer period) and from October 2, 2007 to January 19, 2008 ( autumn - winter period). The variational trend of air temperature and atmospheric water contentwere nearly similar at both the measurement site and Dingri meteorological station by analyzing the observations, and this result testifies the rationality of the observed data on the extremely difficult conditions. Mean monthly air temperature ranged from - 11. 3 ℃ inMay to - 3. 4 ℃ in July, 2005 and from - 11. 3 ℃ in October,2007 to - 19. 0 ℃ in January, 2008 at the AWS site on the East Rongbuk Glacier in theMt. Qomolangma region. Near - surface the
mixing ratio of water vapour increased from 1. 4 g/kg inMay to 5. 4 g/kg in July of 2005 after onset of the Indianmonsoon, while it decreased very slowly from 1. 4 g/kg in October of 2007 to 0. 5 g/kg in January of 2008 when the westerlieswas dominated in the region.Surface wind characteristics were strongly controlled by two major synop tic circulation regimes: the Indian monsoon regime in summer and the westerlies in winter. At the AWS site on the East Rongbuk Glacier, north or northwestwinds p revailed and mean monthlywind speed ranged from 7. 1 m / s in October, 2007 to 14. 2 m / s in January, 2008 with the extreme value up to 35 m / s. South or southeast winds p redominated after the onset of the southwesterly Indian monsoon with relatively low wind speed in summer, ranging from 6. 9 ms- 1 inMay to 2. 2 m s- 1 in July, 2005.

The operation synthetical system for hailmonitoring, warning and hail supp ression command in Northwest China consists of four sub - systems, including the hail disaster database, the hailmonitoring system, the hailwarning system and the hail supp ression commanding system. Based on the p resent research results, the system has used the new data from Dopp lerweather radar, satellite remote sensing, lightningmonitoring and so on to build a powerful, convenient and open command p latform for hailmonitoring, warning and supp ressing by the p rimary means of the computer network and software technology. The system is valuable in the operation app lication. And this paper has highlighted the function and the design of the system.

Based on the hail suppression operation status at present，the tasks of the technique system，the peripheral technique system，the operational conducting system of the hail suppression and the relations among them are discussed in this paper，and also the relative possibility of the general adaption of the operational conducting system and its realizing way and degree for a single radar station or a city. A concept of " rather empty leak not" is given.

Based on the data of aerological and surface meteorological observation for many years，the trend of water vapor content and its transport over Lanzhou city were analyzed deeply. Results are as follows：（1）The water vapor content and its transport are relatively more in summer than that in winter，and the water vapor content increases from Feb to Jul，decreases from Sep to Jan，and keeps invariable in Jul and Aug；nearly 97% water vapor content concentrates below the height of 400 hPa；（2）The trend of water vapor content distinctly corresponds to the change of precipitation，rainy days and temperature，but also there are some differences；（ 3 ）Over Lanzhou city，the large center of water vapor transport is near the height of 500 hPa，the maximum diurnal variation of water vapor is at the layer of 700 ～ 600 hPa in winter，and these are obviously different from those over the east of China.

The synthetic;al system of operation and service on dust and sand storm monitoring and forecasting in northwest China including four sub-systems , which are dust and sand storm weather database monitoring system forecasting system and service system has good physical foundation strong monitoring predicting and service abilities higher automation degree and obviouslocal characteristic During practically running period not only did the system play the important role in prediction on several dust and sand storm process ocurged in springs 2003 and 2004 but also it achieved good economic; returns.  Therefore the system provides powerful technical guarantee of meteorological service for the West Development and it also lays foundation for the West environment protecting and monitoring

Based on the "h213 materials of National Meteorological Center and an actual need of the operation and scrv}cc operational system of Lanzhou limited area mesoscale numerical prediction model based on MM5 has   thebeen set up.  A lark    the number of forecasting products arc acquired from the system everyday, which have already become important benchmark for forecasting operation and service，and play more and more important role in elaborate prediction，extreme weather event predic t lon(for example, the torrential rain) and the meteorological geological calamity prediction，ctc.

The new generation of "the synthetical system of operation and service on the northwest drought monitoring and fore
is a synthetical system of operation service which has good physical foundation，stronger monitoring,  prcdicting,and
service abilities, higher automation degree and local characteristic of the northwest region.  Relying on the short一term weather
forecasting, this system gathers the weather information collecting,  processing and information saving for an integral whole,
and takes full advantage of the Internet technique and previous systems, data and information，takes up the systems and pro-
ductions of the other sul〕一special subjects in the item，so that it saves the great capacity of computer space，avoids many rc-
pcated labor, and it brings into play the positive function in the usually monitoring and forecasting service in recent years.

Based on precipitation data in 126 surface stations in Northwest China, using REOF and tial characteristics of summer preclpltahon mNnlthwest China  were analyzed in the paper. Results Blur-clustering method, the spa-show that the northeastern side of Tibetan Plateau is the most tion is mostly a half of that nant.  PTPClpltatlOn  trend  In sensitive region to summer precipitation in Northwest China, the rainy 凡e月凡On (July to August) precipita-m a peal pears Wlth less Taln are  mOTe than Ta1nV  VeaTS  in the region, and dry and flood years al'e  a.Itel'-
.Tune is ascending changing in recent 40 years, changing slowly in July, and descending in August, fiom the liner trend, the summer precipitation is nnconspicnonsly.  Moreover, temperature departure and precipitation departure percent present reverse phase, and temperature is rising in recent 40 years.

Based on the geological calamity relevant materials of the past 40 years in Gansu province，the current situations，geographical distribution characteristic of geological calamity and its happening characteristic in Gansu were introduced. It also demonstratedthat the meteorological factors such as hardrain etc，are the main factors leading geological calamity in Gansu.The prediction method of geological calamity was given out and the preliminary prediction mode was set up as well，and its effect was examined by using geological calamity which was actually happening in 2003 in Gansu province，found that the rate of accuracy reaches more than 73%，it proved that the prediction mode has certain prediction ability.